FFinite Elements in Analysis and Design3/10/2026An Adaptive Bubble Method Framework for Structural Optimization Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical LoadsZhaohui Xia·Duansen Shangguan·Tao Nie·Jianli Liu·Tao ZhangRead at Finite Elements in Analysis and DesignTagsTopology Optimization in EngineeringCivil and Structural Engineering