Abstract Solar radiation offers benefits such as sustainability, renewability, and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, solar energy can generate multiple forms of energy. Over the past 30 years, the use of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been extensively investigated due to their simple manufacturing process, low cost, and excellent energy conversion and storage capabilities. In this work, a DSSC was fabricated with a poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) polymer electrolyte impregnated wi