Abstract Injuries are a significant, recurring stressor across the lifespan. In species where injuries occur primarily from conspecific aggression, injury risk is expected to most affect those who are targeted for aggression or who are physically or socially disadvantaged. We test that assumption by examining patterns and predictors of injury in two longitudinal datasets comprising 955 injuries sustained by wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Gombe and Kibale Nation