Thiourea-based CdS thin films: structural and optical analysis for photovoltaic applications

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films were successfully synthesized using thiourea as the sulfur precursor through the spray pyrolysis technique for photovoltaic (PV) applications. The structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of the films were investigated to assess their suitability as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of polycrystalline CdS with a cubic zinc blende structure and a preferred (111) orient