Introduction The glenohumeral joint plays a key role in force generation during tennis strokes. Neuromuscular adaptations in this joint are critical for performance and injury prevention, particularly during rapid phases of movement. However, there is limited research on these adaptations in young female tennis players. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in glenohumeral neuromuscular performance between female tennis players and untrained girls aged 11–14 years. Methods A cross-s