Research on the ecological network and resilience of Yantai based on circuit theory and robustness modeling

Understanding ecological network resilience is essential for maintaining ecosystem structure and function under increasing anthropogenic disturbance. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal evolution and resilience characteristics of the ecological network in Yantai City from 2003 to 2023 by integrating the InVEST model, circuit theory, and robustness analysis. As a rapidly urbanizing coastal city in the Bohai Rim Economic Circle of China, Yantai provides an ideal case for examining dynamic ecol