Frontiers in Nutrition

Background Iron is a key nutrient for the development of the fetal auditory system. However, the potential impact of non-anemic prenatal iron deficiency (ID) on neonatal auditory function remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically explore the potential mechanisms by which maternal ID may affect auditory maturation of offspring. Methods We analyzed population data from 696 mother–infant p…

Introduction Sustained prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a major public health challenge, as benefits from traditional lifestyle and earlier pharmacologic interventions have often been difficult to maintain. Prediabetes is associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risk and mortality even without progression to diabetes. Interventions that achieve long-term metabolic health impro…

Introduction Current obesity assessment tools often capture either fat distribution or overall adiposity, limiting precise risk stratification and individualized management. To address this gap, we developed a dual-dimensional framework for obesity assessment and tiered intervention. Methods Guided by Multidimensional Health Management Theory and the Stages of Change Theory, we constructed the wa…

Objective To investigate the impact of distinct socioeconomic status (SES) patterns on the risk of thyroid diseases in pregnant women against the background of adequate iodine nutrition. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xinjiang from 2021 to 2022, enrolling 1,166 pregnant women. Fasting venous blood and urine samples were collected to assess thyroid function and iodine nutritional…

Introduction Red meat is an important dietary component, with global consumption rising substantially in recent decades. Over the past decades, growing attention has been paid to the potential adverse health effects associated with red meat consumption. Despite numerous epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between red meat consumption and stroke, the impact of red meat consumpti…

Heat stress poses serious threats to human and animal health by inducing systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier damage, yet the potential of functional food components in mitigating heat stress-associated health impairments remains insufficiently explored. This study used a chronic heat stress model in C57BL/6 J mice to compare the protective effects of β-glucan (BG) and …

Background Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) is a catastrophic complication following complex hernia repair, particularly in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who exhibit a phenotype of “metabolic vulnerability.” The interplay between preoperative nutritional depletion, chronic hyperglycemia, and systemic inflammation remains poorly understood in this context. Current risk assessme…

Background Preoperative malnutrition increases surgical complications, yet the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria demonstrate conflicting validity in spine surgery populations. Methods Prospective outcome cohort with retrospectively abstracted baseline data, comprising 1,341 consecutive spine surgery patients (Chinese tertiary cente…

Background Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a validated surrogate marker of insulin resistance and has been associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, its relationship with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) remains incompletely understood, and evidence from independent populations is limited. Methods We analyzed data from 2,994 adults aged ≥20 years in the National Health and Nutr…

Objective To explore a multidisciplinary cooperative nutrition management process for critically ill ICU patients in China for providing a standardized nutrition management process and improving the effect and safety of nutritional support. Methods Our first draft of the “multidisciplinary nutrition management process for critical patients” and “enteral nutrition management process for critical p…

Objective Malnutrition frequently complicates peritoneal dialysis (PD) and associates with adverse outcomes, underscoring the clinical importance of its timely identification. This study aimed to develop and internally validate a machine learning-based assessment model to identify PD patients currently at malnutrition risk who need nutritional intervention. Methods In this cross-sectional study, …

Introduction The growing demand for sustainable and locally sourced food products has stimulated interest in alternative fermented condiments that can replace conventional soy sauce while maintaining comparable sensory and functional properties. Methods In this study, commercial soy sauces and artisanal legume-based fermented sauces produced using traditional shoyu techniques were comparatively e…

Background Food insecurity remains a critical public health and development challenge in Somalia, particularly among rural and nomadic households, who are vulnerable to climate shocks, poor infrastructure, and socioeconomic constraints. Evidence on its scale and determinants is needed to guide targeted interventions. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of food insecurity and associated multidim…

Background The bladder health rehabilitation process depends on dietary choices and drinking patterns, which determine diet quality and hydration levels. Previous studies have suggested that dietary patterns and hydration levels affect urodynamic measurements, yet research on how combined dietary and fluid intake affects bladder rehabilitation outcomes remains limited. Objective The study aims to…

Introduction The incorporation of functional ingredients, such as purple corn flour, into bakery products has attracted considerable attention due to its high content of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. However, technological limitations and possible impacts on sensory acceptance still represent significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purple corn flo…

Introduction The relationship between microbiome composition, athletic performance, and personalized nutrition offers significant potential for optimizing sports nutrition and enhancing athletic outcomes through tailored dietary strategies. Methods This study presents a novel framework, Integrative Microbiome Athletic Performance Optimization Network (IMAPON), designed to address this challenge b…

Background Diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU), a severe complication of diabetes, is strongly associated with high mortality. Although the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been validated for predicting clinical outcomes, its precise relationship with mortality risk in patients with DFU remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between PNI and all-cause mortality, card…

Background Depression in middle-aged and older adults is a major contributor to disability, yet upstream social adversity remains underrecognized in prevention. We assessed whether food insecurity (FI) was associated with incident depression and depressive-symptom burden in the US Health and Retirement Study, and whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) mediated this association. Methods FI was …

Background Noncommunicable diseases, responsible for most global deaths, are closely linked to unhealthy lifestyles, particularly a poor diet. There has been an important shift in dietary habits, deviating from national and international recommendations. In contrast, the adult Portuguese population appears to overestimate the healthfulness of their diet, highlighting the need to better understand…

Background/objectives Social media has become a pervasive digital environment closely associated with individuals’ dietary preferences, eating attitudes, and consumption behaviors. Although prior research has documented associations between social media use and eating behaviors, the underlying cognitive, attitudinal, and psychological mechanisms remain insufficiently clarified, particularly among…