IntroductionThis study investigates Italian parents' perceptions of ‘good parenting' and cultural variations. 250 mothers and 87 fathers were surveyed during the third trimester, with follow-ups at 6–12 weeks and 6 months postpartum.MethodsUsing Grounded Theory Analysis, data underwent iterative coding, forming lower and higher order codes, super-categories, and themes.ResultsThe resulting theory, ‘The diminishing polyads of parenting,' identifies four themes for mothers and three for fathers. Mothers prioritize emotional presence, self-sacrifice, and role balance, while fathers focus more on physical presence and active involvement.DiscussionThe study advocates for a gender-neutral approach to supporting diverse family dynamics, recognizing evolving parental views and societal norms' impact. Inclusive interventions and policies can better aid families in their parenting journey.