ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes and urban thermal behaviour in Jaipur City over 15 years, focusing on 2010, 2015, and 2025. In this study multi-temporal Landsat images and Sentinel-2 time-series data was used. It combines a Random Forest LULC classification, which achieved over 93% accuracy, with various spectral indices (NDVI, NDBI, MNDWI, BSI, EBBI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST) extraction. To evaluate the thermal risk, a...