This paper examines the tension between faithfulness and naturalness in translating the Bible into the mother tongues of diverse peoples. While both are essential, they often conflict in practice. Faithfulness requires accurately conveying the original author’s intent, whereas naturalness demands that the message be expressed clearly and idiomatically in the receptor language. This tension is reflected in the differing roles of translation officers and local translators: officers prioritize fide

The Indispensability of Back Translation: Mediating Faithfulness and Naturalness in the Translation of the Bible into an Unfamiliar Tongue
Rhoneil M. Arevalo
