IntroductionDespite advances in virtual reality (VR) devices, leaders in VR-based group discussions lack inclusive facilitation support. Speaking-intention cues are latent information indicating readiness to speak, yet they are difficult to perceive in VR. Although existing works show the possibility of detecting speaking-intention cues using sensors and machine learning, a key question remains: how should such cues be delivered to align with leaders' perceived needs?MethodsWe conducted a study