After a brief review of the Biblical background of peace, this addresses the theme of religion and peace from the perspective of modern Catholic principles, especially with guidance from the Second Vatican Council’s Dignitatis Humanae and John XXIII’s Pacem in Terris, both of which affirm the primacy of conscience in a personalist conception of society where the role of government is to provide for the common welfare, including the right to religious freedom. Such a social order is instrumental