IntroductionAccurate simulation of near-surface CO2 concentrations in urban areas is essential for quantifying city-scale carbon emissions. However, the strong spatiotemporal variability of urban emissions and boundary-layer dynamics introduces large uncertainties into atmospheric transport simulations.MethodsTo address this issue, this study develops an observation-driven dynamic correction framework to improve urban CO2 simulations. First, the WRF-Chem model was configured using the ODIAC foss