Abstract This book offers an interdisciplinary reexamination of Homer's Iliad, using a multilevel conceptual schema that bridges literature, psychoanalysis, anthropology, and natural science (pp. 5, 10). Moving past traditional historical, philological, or purely social interpretations, the author treats the text as a poetic exploration of the male soul and a manifestation of universal, diachronic archetypal structures (pp. 5, 9, 26). The central thesis introduces the "succedaneum theory"—a redu
