As the transition to post-quantum cryptography accelerates, security protocols must evolve to resist quantum threats while remaining practical, particularly on constrained devices where memory, bandwidth, and performance are limited. We consider the NIST Personal Identity Verification (PIV) system, where smart cards rely on digital signatures for authentication. Since post-quantum signatures introduce substantial computational and memory overhead, whereas post-quantum Key Encapsulation Mechanism
Design and Performance Evaluation of Post-Quantum Authentication for Embedded Systems: A Case Study on PIV
Rina Zeitoun
