Nature Neuroscience

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02339-4 Simultaneous voltage imaging of soma and dendrites in layer 2/3 cortical neurons in live mice reveals rich dynamics of spike back-propagation, with amplitude shaped by spiking history, dendrite location and behavioral state.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02332-x Cao et al. identify tryptamine as a sleep signal in mice. Wake-active monoaminergic neurons release tryptamine, which binds to GPR139 in POA neurons that suppress wake-promoting neurons. GPR139 agonists could be a new class of sleep medication.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02341-w Erucamide, a fatty acid amide reduced in degenerating retinas, activates myeloid cells via TMEM19 to release neurotrophic and angiogenic factors, rescuing photoreceptors and vasculature in mouse models of retinal degeneration.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 16 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02325-w The authors develop red fluorescent GRAB acetylcholine (ACh) sensors and highlight rACh1h as a robust tool for multiplex recording together with various green sensors. Using fiber photometry, mesoscopic imaging and two-photon imaging, rACh1h is shown to reliably report ACh dynamics in vivo.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 15 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02361-6 Publisher Correction: TGFβ signaling mediates microglial resilience to spatiotemporally restricted myelin degeneration

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 15 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02355-4 The 2026 closure of the Strait of Hormuz exposed a structural dependency that the neuroimaging community has rarely discussed openly.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 15 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02346-5 Neuroscientists have an ever-expanding array of tools for measuring brain activity at multiple scales, motivating efforts to integrate diverse datasets and capitalize on their complementary strengths. The new Triple-N dataset introduced by Li et al. tackles this challenge by conducting large-scale macaque electrop…

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 15 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02351-8 Author Correction: Shared receptors in axon guidance: SAX-3/Robo signals via UNC-34/Enabled and a Netrin-independent UNC-40/DCC function

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 12 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02330-z Striatal direct and indirect pathways jointly control how many actions are performed during counting, and how animals move toward specific goals. These pathways implement a push–pull controller for discrete action counting as well as continuous movement control.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02289-x The cerebellum ages unevenly, with some regions showing preservation that may help protect the brain from decline. The authors show that large cerebellar volume is associated with stronger cognitive resilience in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02326-9 A cell and spatial atlas of human brain aneurysms identifies an interaction between scarring fibroblasts and inflammatory macrophages linked to vessel wall remodeling, disease progression and rupture leading to stroke.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02322-z Li et al. used functional MRI-guided high-density electrophysiological recordings across macaque visual cortex to characterize responses to natural scenes, providing a resource for studying visual coding and cross-species comparisons.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 09 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02311-2 Busch et al. use nonlinear neural manifolds to help humans gain rapid control over a noninvasive brain–computer interface, allowing them to learn how to play a video game with real-time fMRI neurofeedback from cognitive brain regions.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02337-6 Stereotyped positioning of olfactory receptors

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02334-9 The hippocampus is listening

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02295-z Moment-to-moment lapses in attention shifting impair behavior and learning. These lapses are common in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders involving attention deficits. We identify a neural signature that predicts delayed performance on a set-shifting task and show that real-time closed-loop neuromodulat…

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02336-7 Flexibility begins in the dendrites

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02335-8 Repetition on the brain

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02318-9 Driessen et al. show that core benefits of sleep—reduced local sleep pressure, renormalized synaptic strength and memory consolidation—can be reproduced in awake, behaving mice by inducing sleep-like on/off activity patterns in cortex.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 04 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02266-4 Imaging axonal transport in vivo in the mouse cortex reveals that deficits in axonal transport arise at early stages of tau pathology, are caused by enlarged tau envelopes and are reversed by inhibiting MAPK p38α.