Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences | New and Recent Articles

Aurora mobile applications (apps) have become a common way for aurora chasers and other members of the public to access space weather data. For many users, an aurora app is the first encounter with geomagnetic indices, solar wind conditions, and auroral probability maps. These interfaces often support time-sensitive decisions about whether to go outside, where to drive, and how to interpret chang…

The SunRISE Ground Radio Lab (GRL) at the University of Michigan develops and deploys Long Wavelength Array (LWA) antennas operating over 40–160 MHz to support low-frequency radio heliophysics and student training. This paper presents the scientific and educational outcomes of a dual-site observing campaign conducted during the 8 April 2024, total solar eclipse, which provided a valuable natural …

During the earliest phases of star and planet formation, a young star is surrounded by a disc that can become gravitationally unstable. Indeed, if the protoplanetary disc is sufficiently massive, its self-gravity triggers the formation of large scale spiral arms, transporting angular momentum, trapping solid particles and, potentially, collapsing to form sub-stellar companions. In this paper, we …

To elucidate the relationship between electric field and electron-density variations in the high-latitude ionosphere associated with Pc5 ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves from subauroral to high latitudes, we analyzed the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-total electron content (TEC), ionospheric plasma flow observed by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and electron density i…

To address inherent frequency drift, nonlinear bias and time-varying errors of satellite-borne hardware clock circuits, this study develops an intelligent clock bias correction approach built on the CI-PatchTST-TCN-Attention-GRU hybrid network. First, a time-decay weighted least squares polynomial fitting method is used to decompose the slow hardware aging drift from raw clock measurements. For h…

Linear magnetic holes (LMHs) are localised depressions in the magnetic field magnitude in which the field direction remains nearly unchanged across the structure. Despite their prevalence in in-situ measurements near 1 AU, large-scale statistical investigations remain challenging because of the lack of reproducible and operational automated detection frameworks applicable to extended magnetic-fie…

The definition of life and its universal attributes remains debated, making extraterrestrial life detection inherently uncertain. Robust analytical strategies therefore should not rely on single techniques, even if highly specific, but instead integrate complementary approaches capable of probing multiple classes of biosignatures. Here we present the concept and prototype development of an automa…

In this study, we investigate the anisotropic Bianchi type-V spacetime in the context of Barber’s second self-creation theory (SCT) of gravitation with generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy (GGPDE) and dark matter (DM). We employ the vanishing trace condition of the energy momentum tensor as given by Reddy et al. and the relationship between metric potentials as given by Collins et al. to obtain …

One of the main concerns for Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) is the occurrence of anomalous ionospheric conditions. In particular, ionospheric scintillation poses a significant threat, as strong scintillation events can cause GNSS receivers to lose signal lock, thereby reducing the number of available satellites for position computation. This often results in a degradation of system cont…

We examined the thermospheric wind and temperature response over the South American sector during the main and early recovery phases of the 10–11 May 2024 geomagnetic superstorm. Our coordinated set of Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI), satellite-derived, and radar observations were obtained from observatories located at El Leoncito (Argentina, 31.8°S, 69.3°W), Cachoeira Paulista (Brazil, 22.7°S, …

Geomagnetic field forecasting is critical for mitigating space weather hazards, yet single-station prediction remains a challenge due to the complex, non-linear coupling of vector components. In this work, we propose a Graph Neural Network (GNN) architecture enhanced with Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) to forecast the H, D, and Z components. By modeling the observatory’s sensors as nodes i…

Space weather is a recognized source of risk to civil aviation through its effects on communication, navigation, surveillance, and radiation systems. Historically, aviation space weather research has achieved substantial progress in identifying the physical mechanisms and operational vulnerabilities associated with individual subsystems, specific technologies, and sensitive regions, which laid th…

The deployment of deep learning models directly onboard satellites is emerging as a promising approach to real-time space-weather monitoring. However, applying this paradigm to solar flare forecasting introduces three challenges: limited computational resources, the susceptibility of onboard weight storage to radiation-induced multiple-bit upsets (MBUs), and variations in power availability acros…

Astronauts on the International Space Station still depend on resources brought by cost-intensive resupply missions. To enhance their independence from Earth and prepare for long-term crewed missions to the Moon or Mars, there is an urgent need to develop self-sustained habitats that rely on in situ utilization of resources, thus reducing mass, space, and environmental constraints. One promising …

The nature of spacetime in quantum gravity remains a fundamental problem, rooted in the conflict between the background independence of general relativity and the fixed-background structure of quantum field theory. This paper proposes a concrete, emergentist framework in which classical continuous spacetime is not fundamental but arises as a low-energy effective description of an underlying quant…

The persistent discrepancy between the various measured values of the Hubble constant is one of the most interesting problems in modern cosmology. This problem, in which a discrepancy of approximately 5σ arises between measurements of the early and late universe, is known as the Hubble Tension. On the other hand, Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are high-energy, transient extragalactic phenomena that are…

We have developed deep learning algorithms to detect and classify pulsating auroras in video data captured by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) All-Sky Imagers (ASIs). We label auroral data into four categories: “bad viewing condition”, “no aurora”, “other aurora” and “pulsating aurora”. In contrast to all prior studies centered on auroral image clas…

Using synoptic magnetograms from the National Solar Observatory/Kitt Peak spanning 19 February 1975, to 25 September 2003, we investigate the phase relationships among different types of magnetic elements at low and high solar latitudes. At low latitudes, the magnetic fields of sunspots and ephemeral regions significantly lead the network magnetic fields by approximately half a solar cycle. At hi…

A high resolution two-dimensional multi-fluid model of sporadic-E layers was developed and driven with physically realistic mesosphere, lower thermosphere (MLT) winds measured over Albuquerque, New Mexico. The realistic E-region winds are produced by the HYdrodynamic Point-wise Environment Reconstructor (HYPER) model that ingests meteor derived wind observations from a Spread-spectrum Interferome…