Volcanica

The sequence of six paroxysmal eruptions that occurred between July and August 2024 at Mt. Etna’s Voragine crater has been investigated in order to constrain the plumbing system dynamics. Whole-rock and glass major-element analyses have been integrated with a detailed petrological study of erupted products, focusing on olivine major-element compositions to track magma storage and transfer dynamic…

Pit craters are observed throughout the solar system, but are rarely seen forming. Here we document pit crater formation and characteristics following the 2011–2012 Cordón Caulle rhyolitic eruption using satellite and drone data with field observations. Syn-eruptive shallow intrusion (laccolith) uplift and subsequent subsidence at Cordón Caulle are found to be responsible for the creation of faul…

The Lost Jim flow field, in the Imuruk Lake volcanic field, Alaska, extends west ~34 km from a single vent, crossing subarctic tundra and currently touches several lakes and streams. The weighted mean of five 36Cl cosmogenic exposure ages from the Lost Jim pāhoehoe flow is 7.73 ± 0.37 ka, indicating this eruption occurred substantially after the eruption of the underlying Camille flow, which was …

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are among the most lethal volcanic phenomena and are mainly generated by column collapse, lateral blasts, or dome failure. An additional but still poorly constrained hazard is represented by PDCs produced by the collapse of hot volcaniclastic deposits. Here we investigate deposit-derived (dd) PDCs emplaced during the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius (Italy). We integr…

Following the 2018–2020 Fani Maoré submarine eruption near Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean, multiple oceanographic expeditions provide unprecedented access to fresh alkaline volcanic glasses spanning basanite to phonolite compositions from the East-Mayotte Volcanic Chain (EMVC). We applied Fe and S K-edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) to determine iron and sulfur oxidation states i…

The silicic melts that eventually erupt at arc volcanoes are produced in the lower crust, yet, the storage conditions of magma in the lower crust have not been the topic of extensive study. In this study, we conduct and analyze hydrous piston cylinder experiments to determine the mid-to-lower magma storage conditions of primitive melt at Shiveluch, an arc volcano located in northern Kamchatka. Th…

Volcanic eruptions can cause substantial damage and disruption to infrastructure and communities. Contemporary societies typically depend on petroleum infrastructure. Volcanic unrest and eruptions can cause considerable operational and structural challenges for the petroleum sector. The vulnerability of this sector to volcanic hazards is understudied when compared to other potentially dangerous p…