Drought, characterized by prolonged periods of low precipitation, poses significant challenges in Southern Telangana, one of India’s most drought-prone regions. In this study, we used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) computed at the 3-month (SPEI-3) and 6-month (SPEI-6) timescales to characterize and forecast drought conditions. Historical monthly rainfall and temperature data for the period 1988–2020 were obtained from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Pun