Discover Atmosphere

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) pollution is an escalating environmental and public health challenge in West Africa, which is often linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular morbidity, driven by Saharan dust transport, biomass burning, and rapidly increasing urban-industrial emissions. Chemical transport models, particularly the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry …

The radiative properties and atmospheric dynamics of the Earth’s surface are altered by the presence of dust aerosols. This study focuses on the unprecedented dust outbreak of March 2010 over West Africa, characterised by extensive plumes that affected southern coastal cities. Contrary to established climatology, this event occurred during the wet season, thereby challenging previous expectations…

Traditional theory treats El Niño event and the subsequent sea temperature oscillation as a self-sustaining process, which is thermodynamically unrealistic, as it overlooks the need for an external energy source. Moreover, current models do not capture key features of the observed Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), making long-term prediction of El Niño events a persistent challenge. This study proposes t…

Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are major drivers of precipitation across western North America, yet their role in inland, leeward watersheds of northwestern British Columbia remains poorly understood. This study develops the first watershed-scale AR climatology for British Columbia's Gaat Héeni (Silver Salmon River) Watershed, a snow-dominated basin that serves as the migration corridor for Sockeye Sal…

Ambient air quality was assessed in five crude-oil-producing communities—Imiringi, Otuasega, Emeyal, Otuoke and Ibelebiri—in Ogbia, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, to characterise seasonal pollution patterns and potential health implications. Using triplicate measurements from an Oceanus AQM-09 station over eight months, concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO₂, SO₂ and O₃ were evaluated for dry and wet se…

Climate change is imposing sustainability challenges related to food security, energy generation and biodiversity loss all over the world. Global warming alters fluxes from hydrological compartments such as precipitation and evapotranpiration patterns, however river flow and change in watershed storage have a less understood dynamics, raising concerns about water demand for human consumption, ind…

Meteorological drivers and PM2.5 pollution have a significant relation; however, in Addis Ababa city, there is a critical research gap, underscoring the need to understand seasonal and diurnal variability to develop effective air quality management strategies in rapidly urbanizing, high-altitude cities of the Global South. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of PM₂.₅ and associated…

Drought, characterized by prolonged periods of low precipitation, poses significant challenges in Southern Telangana, one of India’s most drought-prone regions. In this study, we used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) computed at the 3-month (SPEI-3) and 6-month (SPEI-6) timescales to characterize and forecast drought conditions. Historical monthly rainfall and temper…

Accurate day-ahead forecasting of particulate matter (PM10) concentrations is critical for public health interventions, regulatory compliance, and urban air quality management. However, existing approaches suffer from temporal leakage, single-city limitations, inadequate hierarchical modeling of geographic dependencies, and reliance on single-model architectures that fail to capture complex nonli…

Accurate simulation of extreme precipitation is crucial for understanding climate variability and informing adaptation techniques in Central Eastern Africa, a region with complex climatic and topographic situations. This study evaluates the performance of 19 CMIP6 models in simulating precipitation and its extremes using five indices: PRCPTOT, CDD, R95p, R20mm, and SDII-based on their spatial and…

This study aims to analyze spatio-temporal temperature variability and extremes in the Welmel watershed, providing a localized assessment using World Meteorological Organization indices to inform climate resilience in agriculture and water systems. To achieve this, historical temperature records from seven meteorological stations were sourced from the Ethiopian Meteorological Institute, providing…

The large-scale burning of rice, wheat, and sugarcane residues significantly impacts air quality, contributing to climate change and severe health risks. This study aims to analyze the seasonal variations in pollutant levels along with meteorological factors. The findings revealed that rice residue burning leads to a 57.7% increase in the PM2.5 concentration above the NAAQS limit and a 184% incre…

Abstract Air Pollution poses significant environmental and health challenges, particularly in South Asia, including Bangladesh, over the past two decades. Therefore, this study examines the spatiotemporal variability of aerosols (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) and gaseous pollutants (CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , NO 2 , and SO 2 ) during December 2021 and January 2022 in Dhaka (a major city in Bangladesh) using ground-bas…

Abstract Climate change poses significant economic, social, political and environmental challenges, with impacts varying depending on the geographical location and adaptive capacity. This study addresses data gaps by analyzing long-term trends in rainfall and temperature in the Metuge district from 1989 to 2022. The Mann–Kendall trend test, a non-parametric method, was used to detect trends, whil…