Spatial and temporal preferences for afternoon precipitation over morning soil moisture in global storm-resolving simulations

Abstract This study firstly examines both spatial and temporal preferences for afternoon precipitation over morning soil moisture using global storm-resolving simulations from two state-of-the-art km-scale Earth system models: the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) and integrated forecasting system (IFS). These results are compared with coarse-resolution simulations from the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). Our analysis reveals distinct preference patterns across the models. In