Association of CCL21+ CAFs with B-cell recruitment and TLS maturation in penile squamous cell carcinoma

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) can support antitumour immunity, yet TLS maturation and maturation-associated stromal determinants in PSCC remain unclear. Here, we integrated hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, multiplex immunohistochemical (mIHC) colocalization, spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) to pr