BackgroundDementia is a major public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While structured exercise benefits cognition, occupational physical activity may not.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between lifetime occupational physical demand and cognitive impairment among older adults in Brazil.MethodsCross-sectional baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) were analyzed (n = 9412). An algorithm was used to estimate the number of pa