• Poor fruit set and excessive fruit drop are key challenges in the global mango industry. • Inadequate pollination, fertilisation and unfavourable climatic conditions lead to poor fruit set. • Mango fruit drop is mainly controlled by PGRs and environmental factors. • This review provides critical insights for improving fruit set and retention in mango. Insufficient fruit set and excessive fruit drop are key challenges faced within the global mango ( Mangifera indica L.) industry, affecting yiel