Despite advances in neurosurgery and oncology, many gliomas—particularly highly aggressive variants such as glioblastoma multiforme—remain exceedingly difficult to treat. While surgical resection can eliminate a considerable proportion of tumor mass, clinical outcomes are frequently compromised by tumor recurrence, increased invasiveness, metastatic spread, and the development of glioma-associated epilepsy. These persistent challenges continue to drive intensive research efforts. Accumulating ev