The multifaceted roles of mitochondria and their therapeutic transformation: a new perspective on triple-negative breast cancer treatment

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, lacking effective targeted therapies and exhibiting pronounced therapeutic resistance. Mitochondria have recently emerged as central regulators of TNBC pathogenesis, functioning beyond their traditional roles as cellular powerhouses. This article synthesizes current understanding of how mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming—particularly the synergistic hyperactivation of oxidative phosphorylation, fatty ac