Evaluation of central venous stenosis using the lateral thoracic pathway on low-dose CT

Objective Collateral circulation is a biomarker of central venous stenosis (CVS). We attempted to identify the presence of CVS in hemodialysis patients using the lateral thoracic pathway (LTP) on low-dose computed tomography (CT). Methods A total of 355 patients with end-stage renal disease were retrospectively enrolled in this study and further divided into three subgroups (central vein catheters, CVC, 121; arteriovenous fistulas, AVF, 162; and arteriovenous grafts, AVG, 72). All patients under