Objective This exploratory study investigates the association between smoking and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) to inform smoking cessation strategies and support women’s reproductive health. Methods Using literature data mining and association rule analysis, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to identify potential core targets associated with POI. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore b