AI-enabled eye-movement and emerging multimodal frameworks for precision dyslexia screening and reading pattern analysis

Introduction Developmental dyslexia refers to a common neurodevelopmental disorder, which impairs the accuracy and fluency of reading, and early identification is vital for initiating timely intervention. Nonetheless, the traditional methods of formal assessment are time- and resource-intensive, which limits their scalability. Machine-learning approaches and eye-tracking technologies provide objective, data-driven solutions for dyslexia screening. This research integrates current evidence on eye