Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed neoplastic therapy by empowering the human defense system to better recognize and eradicate neoplastic cells, in contrast to traditional treatments. They have shown notable efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), primarily as they target the noted proteins like PD-1, CTLA-4 and PD-L1. However, due to challenges such as immune-related treatment-related toxicities and restricted therapeutic responses, combination approaches are