philosophy-and-history-of-science

Published on June 22, 2026 1:42 AM GMT What the average human understands continues to drastically increase. Humans today know more than the average human fifty years ago. This is because of inventions like the web, which give us access to most of the knowledge available to humans instantaneously. A new age of epistemology has begun with AI, in that AI-generated summaries continue this trend of g…

Background Argument Consider how does physicalism make sense of the color red. There are actually three different things: The physical stimulus: light around 650 nm. The represented external ...

Who was the first major female logician in the history of logic who made more major contributions to the development of logic than to other related fields (like mathematics or computing)? Wikipedia's ...

Rob Jetten acknowledges grief and pain of Moluccan families as crowdfunded monument unveiled in Rotterdam The Dutch prime minister, Rob Jetten, has formally apologised for the “heartless” mistreatment of thousands of Moluccan soldiers who fought for the Dutch colonial army during Indonesia’s struggle for independence. About 12,500 men from a group of Indonesian islands who served in the Royal Dut…

A groundbreaking theory put forward by researchers suggests that conscious experience may not be limited to biological organisms made of flesh and blood. Professor Eric Schwitzgebel from the University of California and Dr Jeremy Pober of the University of Lisbon have developed what they call the 'Copernican Principle of Consciousness'. Their proposal argues that awareness is not an exclusive tra…

I don’t usually respond to attacks on me from the Discovery Institute and its flacks, but I couldn’t resist listening to this 25-minute talk on free will from pediatric neurosurgeon and Intelligent Design advocate Michael Egnor, who’s been going after me for years (read the last link to Wikipedia, and his Discovery Institute biography here). … Continue reading ID advocate Michael Egnor defends fr…

Beneath a quiet German field, researchers have uncovered signs of a medieval town that historians had been unable to locate for generations.

Plague is often linked to medieval Europe, crowded cities, and rats carrying infected fleas. However, a new study published in the journal Nature shows that the disease was already killing people thousands of years earlier. Researchers have discovered that plague caused deadly outbreaks among hunter-gatherers in Siberia about 5,500 years ago, long before cities and […] The post Ancient plague was…

Ms Janmoni Gogoi, Research Scholar, Apex Professional University, Arunachal Pradesh Prof. (Dr) Jyotsna Raj, Professor, Apex Professional University, Arunachal Pradesh ABSTRACT The evolution of industrial laws in India is deeply intertwined with the historical growth of trade unions and the broader socio-economic transformations that shaped labour relations from the colonial period to the contempo…

The question is in the title. How would you formalize the statement :"all generalizations are false, except this one"? in predicate calculus?

The Question: What is so unreasonable about the effectiveness of mathematics? Thoughts: It seems inevitable, or even false. Suppose a system S=Γ∪{A} of axioms applies to a phenomenon, where A is an ...

José Fernando BonaparteOne of the hardest-working, most intense and multi-faceted palaeontologists to ever grace our planet was José Fernando Bonaparte (14 June 1928 - 18 February 2020).We often imagine the great scientific pioneers as figures lo...

A genetic study of 2,000-year-old grape seeds is shedding new light on ancient winemaking. For centuries, the vineyards of Tuscany have been associated with some of the world’s most celebrated red wines. But a cache of grape seeds buried in ancient wells is revealing a very different story about what people were growing and drinking [...]

A new study suggests plague was already a deadly threat 5,500 years ago, striking small hunter-gatherer communities long before cities and agriculture emerged. For centuries, plague has been remembered as the disease that devastated medieval Europe, killing millions and reshaping societies. But new research suggests its deadly history stretches much further back than previously thought. [...]

Did Kant think all necessary reasoning is reducible to Barbara (1st figure) syllogisms? C. S. Peirce claims in "The Nature of Meaning" (Selected Philosophical Writings, 1893-1913 p. 219) ...

Villains, tyrants and heroes alike are immortalized in the scientific literature as researchers don each new species a unique scientific name -- and rename geographic sites with a settlers' mindset. If you pick through the literature, it is a w...

Two vanished posts suggest ancient Britons tracked solstices before Stonehenge rose.

(NYT) – The oldest known cases, discovered among hunter-gatherers in Siberian graves, contradict the theory that the disease once was mild. In ancient Siberian graves, scientists have discovered the oldest traces of one of humanity’s greatest enemies. Examining skeletons of … Read More

(The Atlantic) – It’s sin. For the past few years, I’ve been troubled by a word, and that word is sin. I keep reaching for it, because it seems to be the only term strong enough to describe the new … Read More