This paper identifies key cognitive and human-automation challenges in the integration of Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) through a thematic review of existing academic and industrial literature. Human Factors considerations in UAS-AAM differ from those in conventional aviation and require greater attention before wide deployment. This research provides a thematic review of cognitive and human-automation challenges, including Level of Automation (LOA), Human Automation Teaming and Trust (HAT 2 ), Situational Awareness and Attention (SAA), Cognitive Overload and Distress (COD), Vigilance and Fatigue (VF), and Human Machine Interface and Interaction (HMI 2 ). By highlighting these challenges, this study provides a foundational understanding to guide human-machine interface design, policy development, and future research in the evolving UAS and AAM landscape.