BackgroundIschemic stroke is a common and severe cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability. Accumulating evidence indicates that β-caryophyllene (BCP) exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury; however, the precise underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored.MethodsFocal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mouse models were established in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was conducted in BV2 microglial cells and primary microgli