ФИЛОСОФИЯ НАУКИ. forthcomingThis review essay examines Christoph Mick's "Lemberg, Lwów, L'viv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City" (Purdue University Press, 2015), a study of how a city that in 1914 was half Roman Catholic, 28 percent Jewish and 18 percent Greek Catholic had become an almost homogeneously Ukrainian city by 1947, with some 80 percent of its inhabitants arriving during or after the Second World War. The review situates Mick's work against the problem of "internal" historiography identified by Heorhii Kasianov: accounts of Galician ethnic conflict organised around a plot in which one's own nation suffers while aliens inflict suffering. Writing from outside all three national traditions, Mick has no stake in that structure, and the review argues that this is the book's principal value for Ukrainian readers. It follows his account of interethnic conflict as a product of modernisation — schools, press, and a restricted municipal franchise that left Ukrainians without a single seat on the Lviv city council — and of the successive pogroms of 1914, 1918 and 1941. Particular attention is given to Mick's treatment of the pogrom of 1941, which coincided with the OUN's proclamation of Ukrainian statehood, and to his greater caution by comparison with Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, John-Paul Himka and Tarik Cyril Amar. The review also weighs the Russian myth that Ukrainian nationality was "invented in the Austrian General Staff," and closes with a critique of state-funded historical memory in Ukraine: historical truth benefits no one and may be unpleasant for everyone, and therein lies the difficulty of attaining it. ( direct link )