JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Gout is a metabolic disorder caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and soft-tissues. Gout classically affects peripheral joints such as the first metatarsophalangeal joint (podagra). Atypical presentation involves deposition in axial and other thoracic structures. Costochondral joint involvement is exceedingly rare and mimics infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic aetiologi…

Introduction: Health professional students experience high levels of Psychological Distress (PD) compared to other profession students. Persistent distress may adversely affect both psychological well-being and physiological regulation, including alterations in biological markers such as cortisol and physiological marker Heart Rate Variability (HRV). While Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is w…

Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) are increasingly recognised as a cause of severe invasive infection including bacteraemia especially in people who are elderly or have co-morbidities. NOVC infections often lack gastrointestinal manifestations, and the frequent absence of exposure to well-recognised sources such as seafood and or marine/estuarine water lowers the index of suspicion for Vibri…

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is largely a clinical diagnosis, but has a high negative appendicectomy rate of 10-30%. If diagnosis is delayed, it can lead to serious complications like abscess formation, perforation and gangrene. Currently, there is a lack of quick and easy to use ancillary tests to predict complicated cases. Platelet parameters are a promising tool to predict complications an…

Introduction: Cachexia is a complex syndrome marked by progressive loss of muscle and fat, leading to functional decline and reduced Quality of Life (QoL). The impact of cachexia in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) remains an underexplored area. They are particularly vulnerable because of swallowing difficulties and early weight loss, which predispose them to cachexia even at diagnosis. Since conventio…

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is characterised by repeated instances of the upper airway partially or completely collapsing during sleep, leading to a decrease in airflow (hypopnoea) or a complete absence of airflow (apnoea) that lasts for at least 10 seconds. Craniofacial structure and hyoid bone position significantly influence airway patency. Cephalometric evaluation of these pa…

Introduction: Chronic insomnia, caused by factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, poor sleep habits, environmental influences, or underlying health conditions, significantly impairs quality of life and may lead to headaches, body heaviness, mental disturbances, and reduced agni. Ayurveda uses diet, lifestyle changes, and Panchakarma treatments, such as Nasya, Shirodhara, and Shirolepa, to re…

Combined Immunodeficiency is an uncommon and inherited Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder (PID) that affects both cellular and humoural immune function and leads to early death. This case report describes the rare co-existence of X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) and Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS), highlighting new mutations, challenges in diagnosis and managing complex paediatric ca…

Chronic osteomyelitis is a long-standing infection of bone that can occur following trauma, fracture, or inadequate treatment of an initial infection. In children, delayed diagnosis may result in persistent pain, deformity, limb dysfunction, and difficulty in walking. Management is often difficult because the infected bone has poor blood supply and may contain sequestrum and chronic sinus formati…

Introduction: Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) causes hospital-acquired infections in Intensive Care Units (ICU), with high resistance and mortality in critically ill patients. It is a major problem in healthcare, especially where infection control and monitoring are limited. Few treatment options exist, so early identification of risk factors is needed for appropriate patient …

Introduction: A profound anaesthetic technique is essential for performing periodontal procedures with an effective onset and adequate duration of action. The infrazygomatic approach combined with the Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar (AMSA) nerve block may serve as a better alternative to the conventional AMSA technique alone in the maxillary region, as it helps minimise palatal mucosal blanchin…

Snake envenomation remains a significant health problem in tropical regions. Haemotoxic snake bite commonly causes Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and coagulopathy; however, panhypopituitarism is rare and frequently overlooked. Delayed diagnosis may result in serious morbidity due to unrecognised adrenal/thyroid insufficiency. This case series describes the clinical presentation, hormonal profile, radi…

Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disease. The pathogenesis lies in the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) genetic defect leading to various cutaneous and other malignancies developing at a very young age alarming the identification of precursor lesions and to adapt preventive measures. The DNA damage that occurs in exposure to UV rays in sunlight, gets repaired by a set of XP ge…

Camurati-Engelmann Disease (CED) is a very rare, autosomal-dominant type sclerosing bone dysplasia that is characterised by progressive diaphyseal hyperostosis, cortical thickening of long bones, along with variable involvement of skull-base. This narrative review synthesises the current evidence regarding clinical features, molecular basis, diagnosis, as well as management strategies of CED. Cli…

Introduction: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) commonly affect older patients who often have multiple co-morbidities. With the growing use of Radiation Immunotherapy (RT-ICI) combinations in head and neck malignancies, concerns have emerged regarding the representativeness of trial populations. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and cumulative burden of restricti…

Introduction: Spinal disorders commonly lead to impairments in balance, mobility and participation in daily activities. Beyond physical deficits, reduced balance confidence is a critical yet underassessed factor contributing to fear of falling, activity restriction and poor rehabilitation outcomes. Despite its clinical relevance, there is variability in the instruments used to evaluate balance co…

Introduction: Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Urinary Calcium:Creatinine Ratio (CCR) has been reported as a potentially useful biomarker for predicting Preeclampsia (PE). Aim: To assess the trend of urinary CCR during pregnancy and to evaluate its association with the development of PE among antenatal women. Material…

Introduction: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is commonly performed to improve cardiac outcomes; however, many patients experience functional limitations in the early postoperative period. Balance impairment and increased fall risk are frequently overlooked during routine cardiac rehabilitation. Aim: To evaluate changes in balance and fall risk before and after CABG surgery using the …

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most prevalent parasitic infection of the central nervous system globally and the most common cause of acquired epilepsy in endemic areas. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including cognitive impairment, depression, and behavioural disturbances, are also becoming increasingly common. Multisystem cysticercosis, which involves the central nervous system and extracran…