seismology

Topographic free surfaces and seismic anisotropy significantly modify seismic wave propagation. With increasing demands for high-precision subsurface imaging, advanced seismic prospecting and seismological imaging methods require simultaneous consideration of topographic free surface and anisotropy effects on P-wave propagation. However, conventional finite-difference methods struggle to accurate…

Oldoinyo Lengai volcano is located within the Natron Rift, a young magmatic segment of the East African Rift System, where tectonic extension and magmatic processes are tightly coupled. Understanding how stress, deformation, and magma transport interact in such settings remains a key challenge. Here, we use local shear-wave splitting measurements to image seismic anisotropy and constrain the dist…

Hundreds of previously overlooked seismic events have been detected beneath Antarctica, including 245 near the marine edge of the Thwaites Glacier. Many appear to be glacial earthquakes caused when huge icebergs break off, capsize, and collide with the glacier. The surge in activity coincided with a period when Thwaites was flowing faster toward the ocean, hinting that changing ocean conditions m…

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