BackgroundCurrent clinical guidelines recommend either muscarinic receptor antagonists or β3-adrenoceptor agonists for overactive bladder (OAB) treatment. These recommendations, however, are primarily based on short-term (12-week) clinical trials, leaving a critical gap in evidence regarding their long-term (≥1 year) efficacy and safety. Moreover, the long-term evidence synthesized here is limited to solifenacin and mirabegron, and its generalizability to other agents remains uncertain.Objective