BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental condition, often requires treatment with stimulants such as methylphenidate and nonstimulants such as atomoxetine. Despite their effectiveness, medication-related side effects, adherence and symptom control issues have increased the interest in alternative therapies, especially herbal medicine. However, existing preclinical studies vary in quality and relevance. This systematic review evaluates animal studies