Nature Immunology, Published online: 09 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41590-026-02658-5 Myeloid cell immunophenotyping in women and functional studies in mice indicated that monocytes contribute to both inflammation and tissue remodeling in the uterus and dynamically regulate tissue homeostasis throughout the reproductive cycle. Dysregulation of monocyte function was associated with uterine fibrosis (Asherman’s syndrome), which has severe consequences for reproductive health.