The narrative of early Homo sapiens migrating out of Africa was long thought to be a rapid, uncontested expansion that occurred around 60,000 years ago, quickly overwhelming the Neanderthal populations of Eurasia. However, the deep-layer excavations at Qafzeh Cave , located outside Nazareth in lower Galilee, Israel, radically revised this paradigm. The site yielded the remains of at least 15 distinct, anatomically modern human skeletons securely dated to 100,000 to 120,000 years ago , documentin