IntroductionChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by persistent fatigue unrelieved by rest and accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. While dysregulated cytokines are implicated in CFS pathogenesis, the role of anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) remains poorly defined.MethodsThis study investigated central and peripheral TGF-β1 dysregulation and cognitive function in a rat model of fatigue induced by 10-day repetitive sleep d