Frontiers in Neurology

Objective Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to facilitate post-stroke motor recovery; however, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate how EA modulates sensorimotor network (SMN) connectivity and to explore its relationship with upper-limb motor recovery in patients with subacute stroke. Methods Fifty patients with subacu…

Background and purpose At present, there is still debate about the treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke patients with low National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (<6 points) and large vessel occlusion (LVO). Our objective is to assess whether endovascular treatment (EVT) could be beneficial in acute ischemic stroke patients with low NHISS scores and LVO. Methods …

Background The subacute phase is a key period for stroke recovery, yet there is a lack of simple and effective indicators to predict rehabilitation outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing patients’ activities of daily living (ADL) recovery at 3 months, providing valuable insights to guide clinical rehabilitation decisions. Methods This retrospective coho…

Background Lower limb disuse atrophy often occurs in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) during peri-operative periods. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a novel method that can benefit muscular atrophy. This study aimed to determine whether ES is the most effective method for postoperative management of muscular atrophy in patients with incomplete cervical SCI. Methods A tota…

Background Prognostication in prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) remains challenging, particularly when estimating recovery of a clinically observable conscious state. Multimodal neurophysiological markers may provide complementary prognostic information beyond behavioral assessment alone. Objective To develop and retrospectively evaluate a composite neurophysiological score (DoC-NP Scor…

Background Viral encephalitis (VE) is a severe neurological emergency; however, timely diagnosis remains challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for the preliminary risk stratification of VE based solely on routine blood analysis (RBA). Methods A retrospective cohort of patients ( n = 313, train/…

Objective Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a highly lethal and disabling type of stroke. The main causes of poor prognosis are neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain edema following hemorrhage. Didymin has shown neuroprotective effects in intracerebral hemorrhage; however, its regulatory role in SAH remains unclear. Methods The rat SAH model was established using the in…

Objective This study investigates the factors influencing poor communication function outcomes in children with cerebral palsy. Methods This retrospective study included children with CP treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, between January 2017 and December 2022. Communication function was assessed using the Communication Function C…

Introduction The administration of drugs at specific acupoints is a traditional practice in Chinese medicine, yet scientific evidence supporting its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) advantages remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the transdermal absorption and therapeutic effects of miRNA55 when delivered via microneedles at different acupoints in a rabbit model of rheumatoid …

Aims T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), an immune checkpoint molecule, is highly expressed in microglia and its expression dynamically increases during central nervous system (CNS) development. Although its immunomodulatory functions are well-established, its role in inflammation following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate t…

With the rapid development of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography, combining the two offers a new way to accurately evaluate muscle-brain coupling, with unique advantages for research on real motor control and neural rehabilitation. This paper analyzes the principle of combined technology, commonly used coupling indicators, and their application in nervous system di…

Stem cell therapy is a promising regenerative strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI), but its clinical development remains heterogeneous. This study analyzed the global landscape of registered interventional trials to characterize current translational progress. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of interventional clinical trials of stem cell therapy for SCI using the Informa Trialtrove datab…

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Although the new era of reperfusion therapies such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy has significantly improved outcomes, many patients fail to achieve meaningful recovery due to reperfusion injury, a paradoxical process that involves a complex cascade of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, blood-brain b…

Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) imposes a significant burden on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, comprehensive studies examining HRQoL and its biopsychosocial determinants in Chinese NMOSD patients remain scarce. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 216 Chinese patients with NMOSD underwent clinical evaluation for neurological disability (EDSS) and comp…

Background Intrasaccular devices such as SEAL™ and WEB™-SL are designed to disrupt aneurysmal flow. We present a new in vitro method for estimating neurointerventional devices’ flow dynamics. Methods Particle image velocimetry (PIV) method was used in a patient-specific middle cerebral artery (MCA) wide-neck bifurcation aneurysm (WNBA) model to measure velocity, residence time (RT), and vorticity…

Cerebral venous disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of conditions ranging from acute cerebral venous thrombosis to chronic intracranial venous hypertension and stenotic outflow states. Although historically considered uncommon, increasing recognition, improved imaging techniques, and expanding endovascular therapies have led to significant advances in the diagnosis and management of these c…

Background Chromatin-modifying systems regulate transcriptional programs essential for human neurodevelopment through dynamic modification of histones, DNA, and higher-order chromatin architecture. Pathogenic variants affecting these systems give rise to chromatinopathies, a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by consistent neurological features, including intellectual disability, deve…

As a key technique in clinical diagnosis, multimodal medical image fusion (MMIF) integrates functional and metabolic information to assist diagnosis and enhance disease analysis reliability. However, existing methods typically rely on a single optimization objective, failing to meet clinical demands for flexible, on-the-fly result adjustments. To address this, we propose FreeMMIF, an interactive …

Discoveries of skull-associated immunity and skull-meningeal vascular channels have changed how neuroimmune trafficking is understood. These channels connect calvarial marrow and meningeal or brain-border compartments, and calvarial marrow can serve as a local myeloid reservoir for central nervous system (CNS) inflammation [1][2][3] . Intracalvarial or intracalvariosseous delivery has therefore a…

Background “BCI illiteracy,” characterized by insufficient μ -rhythm Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) in approximately 40% of stroke patients, limits the efficacy of Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) training. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) can modulate cortical excitability. We hypothesized that sequential application of iTBS over the affected primary motor cortex (M1) before BCI …