Frontiers in Energy Research | New and Recent Articles

IntroductionWith the high penetration of renewable energy, tapping the regulation potential of smart buildings in distribution networks plays a pivotal role in enabling orderly renewable energy accommodation. Customer directrix load-based demand response serves as an effective mechanism for guiding smart building interaction. However, its incentive price, derived as the equilibrium point of a lea…

In power systems with high renewable energy penetration, short-term voltage stability (STVS) has become an increasingly critical issue. In future real-time automatic voltage control (AVC), sufficient STVS margins need to be incorporated into the optimization process. However, the strong coupling between the STVS and steady-state features makes it challenging to formulate suitable constraints for …

Day-ahead joint bidding exposes a hybrid energy storage aggregator (HESA) to uncertainty in the locational marginal price, regulation market clearing capacity price, and regulation market performance clearing price. Conventional seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling calibrates forecast residuals separately for each price and hour, without using their co-movement with…

The escalating penetration of distributed photovoltaics (DPV) frequently triggers voltage violations and degrades the static voltage stability within distribution networks. To effectively mitigate these challenges, this paper proposes a dynamic hosting capacity (DHC) assessment method that incorporates the static voltage stability margin (SVSM). First, a set of key stress scenarios (KSS)—specific…

During operation, converter valves continuously generate a large amount of waste heat, which is currently usually removed by a valve cooling system for temperature reduction; however, because the return-water temperature of converter valves is generally low, the waste heat is of insufficient grade, making it difficult to achieve efficient recovery and cascade utilization of low-grade thermal ener…

IntroductionThe South African electricity supply sector is undergoing structural reform, with balancing and ancillary-service markets likely to increase the need for active portfolio scheduling under supply shortages and grid constraints. This paper formulates a day-ahead virtual-grid optimal power flow problem for a geographically dispersed South African corporate portfolio comprising load, co-g…

Globally, the energy supply systems (ESSs) of buildings are increasingly integrating clean energy technologies to reduce energy costs while supporting the transition to a net-zero-emission future. In this regard, the role of energy use in buildings in the European Union (EU) has already been established. Norway also has ambitious climate goals, with improvements to energy use in buildings represe…

IntroductionWhile grid-forming (GFM) converters can enhance fault-period transient voltage support, they may also increase short-circuit current stress and affect fault-current distribution, making benefit–risk coordination a key challenge in GFM converter siting.MethodsTo address this trade-off, this paper proposes a coordinated evaluation method for the siting of fixed-capacity GFM converters. …

Lignocellulosic biomass remains underutilized in anaerobic digestion (AD) due to its recalcitrant structure and limited microbial accessibility. This study investigated the combined effect of dilute-acid pretreatment and Fe3O4 nanoparticle supplementation on biogas production from wheat straw co-digested with cow dung. Wheat straw was pretreated with 1%–4% H2SO4, resulting in notable compositiona…

The transition toward decentralized, digitalized power systems creates new opportunities for integrating distributed generation, energy storage, and large-scale electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure within smart grid architectures. This study examines cold ironing, the supply of shore-side electricity to berthed vessels, as a form of large-scale EV charging infrastructure and develops a collaborat…

As the core hub of the modern power system, the dynamic disturbance suppression and connection stability of the virtual circuit in the process layer of the intelligent substation are the key challenges to ensure reliable grid operation. Aiming at the problems such as the limited adaptability of traditional feedback-based strategies under nonlinear communication disturbances such as communication …

Demand response (DR) can relieve source-load imbalance in microgrids (MGs), but its practical scheduling value is limited by renewable uncertainty and uncertain user response behavior. This paper proposes a coordinated day-ahead/intraday scheduling framework that combines multi-scenario risk scheduling with fuzzy chance-constrained rolling correction. Specifically, an endowment effect based mecha…

Effective thermal management constitutes a critical enabling technology for the safe, efficient, and durable operation of lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicle applications. The present study presents a reduced-order, lumped thermal-network investigation comparing the thermal performance of staggered (zig-zag) and inline (aligned) cell arrangements in a 13S8P battery pack configuration em…

As Generation IV graphite-moderated reactor technologies advance to demonstration and deployment, the question must be answered of how, where, and when to dispose of the irradiated graphite waste produced from the operation of these facilities. This work presents an integrated assessment involving the entire graphite lifecycle in nuclear power production: impurity measurement of graphite grades, …

IntroductionAssembly pressure and porous flow-field architecture influence proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance through interfacial contact, reactant transport, water management and membrane integrity. This study evaluates membrane-electrode assembly (MEA)/catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) compression and nickel-foam interface effects using complementary experimental and computatio…

To address the disconnection between day-ahead pricing and intra-day fault recovery, as well as the difficulty of coordinating benefits among multiple stakeholders, this paper proposes a day-ahead and intra-day multi-scale optimization method for distribution network-microgrid coordination under both normal and fault operating conditions. In the day-ahead stage, an improved Stackelberg game bi-le…

Dark fermentation is the conversion of various biomass wastes into biohydrogen. It occurs in the absence of light. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest advances in biohydrogen production via dark fermentation, focusing on feedstock characteristics, microbial community dynamics, and approaches to system integration. Carbohydrate-based substrates are ideal for the production of biohy…

The operational economy of grid-connected distributed wind power (DWP) is challenged by high volatility and severe wind curtailment. Coupling DWP with hydrogen production and energy storage provides a promising solution to smoothly and economically consume DWP. To this end, this paper proposes a two-stage hybrid stochastic-robust joint planning method for hydrogen production and energy storage sy…

Modern power systems face operational challenges due to the integration of variable renewable energy, necessitating enhanced reactive power support from synchronous generators. In this study, we propose a comprehensive reactive power boosting strategy (Q-strategy) framework, addressing technical and economic challenges via four pillars: (1) Q-boost defines reactive power limits for continuous/dyn…

IntroductionRapid cloud movement, irradiance mutation, and meteorological uncertainty can increase prediction errors and delay ramp tracking in short-term photovoltaic power forecasting. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-source meteorological and cloud-image joint coding algorithm for short-term photovoltaic power prediction under complex weather disturbances.MethodsThe pro…