Frontiers in Human Neuroscience | New and Recent Articles

PurposeThe present study investigates the overlap between arithmetic and literacy, by examining arithmetic performance in children with combined reading and spelling deficits, isolated reading or spelling deficits and age-appropriate (typically developing) reading and spelling skills. We also examine whether controlling for literacy predictors (RAN, phonological awareness) explains group differen…

Children with ADHD often experience difficulties in mathematics, but the mechanisms underlying these difficulties remain unclear. One possibility is that they reflect a basic impairment in the “number sense,” that is, the ability to approximate the number of objects and temporal events without counting. Here, we tested this hypothesis by asking children with ADHD (N = 20) and typically developing…

IntroductionSensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback has attracted growing interest for improving performance in precision sports; however, inter-individual variability in responsiveness remains poorly understood, and its associations with autonomic regulation and shooting performance have not been examined within a single-session paradigm. Because a substantial proportion of trainees show limited…

IntroductionMany people with aphasia experience concomitant executive functioning deficits, and the literature supports a role of executive functioning in treatment response. However, the optimal executive functioning assessment for measuring this impact is unclear, as is the extent to which outcomes (e.g., acquisition, generalization) may be impacted differently. The present retrospective study …

Sex differences in mental rotation represent one of the most consistently reported behavioural sex differences. Identifying the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying spatial cognition may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of cognitive processing in males and females. The present review synthesises evidence from event-related potential (ERP) studies and identifies sex-related neu…

ObjectiveTo describe a brief and easily applicable electroneurographic (ENG) maneuver that can reveal ulnar-evoked motor activity detectable over the abducto’r pollicis brevis (APB) region in selected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) cases. The aim is to illustrate how targeted ulnar stimulation may complement routine CTS evaluation, rather than to redefine severity grading or clinical decision makin…

BackgroundNeuromuscular control is essential for maintaining posture and performing motor tasks. Real-time visual feedback provides sensory information that may influence central neural processing and lower-limb muscle coordination during balance tasks. This study investigated the effects of visual feedback on neuromuscular control in healthy adults.MethodsThirty healthy adults aged 18–40 years c…

Among sensory inputs, auditory information plays a significant role. Neural entrainment may establish a bridge for the brain’s perception of rhythmic sound signals. It refers to the synchronization of ongoing neuronal activity with internal and external rhythmic stimuli, demonstrating the brain’s plasticity and adaptive dynamics. Across canonical EEG bands, delta activity is associated with tempo…

The neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) network is a key regulatory network that maintains organismal homeostasis and participates in stress responses. Its function depends on the dynamic coupling among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Astrocytes, as abundant and functionally diverse glial cells in the central nervous system, are increasingly recognized as important participants in the NEI ne…

While previous studies have identified motor dysfunction in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), the experimental tasks investigated to date have remained relatively limited. This study compared multi-finger force production in individuals with MCI and healthy controls (HC), employing a task designed to comprehensively reflect the complexities of neural integrity. Participants were i…

BackgroundHazardous driving encompasses multiple forms of aberrant behavior that have been associated with increased crash involvement and unsafe driving outcomes. Although, structural MRI studies have linked regional brain morphology to driving performance and driving-related errors, evidence regarding the neuroanatomical correlates of distinct Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ)-derived hazard…

IntroductionUremic pruritus (UP) is a common complication of end-stage renal disease that significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. Although acupuncture can effectively relieve UP symptoms, its central mechanism remains unclear.Methods and analysisA total of 96 patients with UP will be randomly assigned to three groups: verum acupuncture (VA), sham acupuncture (SA), or waiting-list (WT) co…

BackgroundAccurately predicting long-term cognitive impairment following moderate–severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant clinical challenge. Existing prognostic tools have limited predictive accuracy for individual-level risk stratification.ObjectiveTo develop a comprehensive prognostic nomogram for predicting cognitive impairment in adults who suffered a moderate-to-severe TBI…

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore brain activity and functional connectivity changes associated with transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) in patients with neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB), alongside changes in clinical symptoms.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal self-controlled trial, conducted at the China Rehabilitation Research Center from 2024 to 2025, enrolled 15 adults wit…

BackgroundAdolescent obesity has emerged as a global public health crisis, with accumulating evidence suggesting that it involves not only peripheral metabolic dysfunction but also significant central nervous system remodeling. Given that childhood and adolescence represent a critical window for neurodevelopment, understanding these alterations is vital for effective intervention. This review aim…

BackgroundDepressive symptoms accompanied by autistic traits represent an important source of clinical heterogeneity. While aberrant functional connectivity (FC) within prefrontal networks has been implicated as a shared neural feature of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and depression, task-evoked FC abnormalities in individuals experiencing both remain poorly understood. This study employed …

BackgroundThe clinical application of invasive brain–computer interface combined with surgical navigation in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury remains limited, and there is a lack of a standardized perioperative nursing cooperation strategy. This paper summarized the intraoperative cooperation and nursing experience from a single case, aim to provide a reference for clinical practice.Cas…